[66] The Safavids allowed the Shirvanshahs to remain in power, under Safavid suzerainty, until 1538, when Safavid king Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576) completely deposed them, and made the area into the Safavid province of Shirvan. [356] The game is very popular in Azerbaijan and is widely played among the local public. Mild winters draw many birds to the Caspian coast, and nature reserves provide a resting home for flamingos, swans, pelicans, herons, egrets, sandpipers, and partridges. The twelve stories that are recorded in these manuscripts are believed to be derived from a cycle of stories and songs circulating among Turkic peoples living in northeastern Anatolia and northwestern Azerbaijan. In September 1991, the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh. Azerbaijan is one of the sponsors of the east–west and north–south energy transport corridors. That leads to the formation of subtropical climate on most foothills and plains of the country. [95] Another important accomplishment of ADR was the establishment of Baku State University, which was the first modern-type university founded in the Muslim East. [105] As a consequence of the failed coup which occurred in August in Moscow, on 18 October 1991, the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan adopted a Declaration of Independence which was affirmed by a nationwide referendum in December 1991, while the Soviet Union officially ceased to exist on 26 December 1991. [291] The end of the 14th century was also the period of starting literary activity of Imadaddin Nasimi,[292] one of the greatest Turkic[293][294][295] Hurufi mystical poets of the late 14th and early 15th centuries[296] and one of the most prominent early divan masters in Turkic literary history,[296] who also composed poetry in Persian[294][297] and Arabic. During the 2010 Parliamentary election, the opposition parties, Musavat and Azerbaijani Popular Front Party, failed to win a single seat. [126] The coastline stretches for 800 km (497 mi), and the length of the widest area of the Azerbaijani section of the Caspian Sea is 456 km (283 mi). "[150] On 17 March 2016, the President of Azerbaijan signed a decree pardoning more than a dozen of the persons regarded as political prisoners by some NGOs. [248] Avar, Budukh,[249] Georgian, Juhuri,[249] Khinalug,[249] Kryts,[249] Lezgin, Rutul,[249] Talysh, Tat,[249] Tsakhur,[249] and Udi[249] are all spoken by small minorities. Excerpt: "It was not earlier than the fifteenth century. [280] Ashiqs' songs are semi-improvised around common bases. Fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan 03:26. [174] The original date of the establishment of the short-lived National Army is celebrated as Army Day (26 June) in today's Azerbaijan. The Länkäran region of southern Azerbaijan has evergreen vegetation and thick beech and oak forests. Cette espèce se rencontre en Géorgie, dans le Sud du Turkménistan, dans le Sud du Tadjikistan, en Ouzbékistan, au Kirghizstan, dans louest de lAzerbaïdjan, en Iran, en Irak, à Oman, en Afghanistan, au Pakistan, en Jordanie, en Syrie, aux Émirats arabes unis et dans le nord-ouest de lInde. [245], Music of Azerbaijan builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly a thousand years. In a 2006–2008 Gallup poll, only 21% of respondents from Azerbaijan stated that religion is an important part of their daily lives. In the 21st century a number of prominent Azerbaijani geodynamics and geotectonics scientists, inspired by the fundamental works of Elchin Khalilov and others, designed hundreds of earthquake prediction stations and earthquake-resistant buildings that now constitute the bulk of The Republican Center of Seismic Service. The mountain forest zone has a moderately cold climate, while an upland tundra climate characterizes elevations of 10,000 feet and above. It is a mystic troubadour or traveling bard who sings and plays the saz. [127] The national animal of Azerbaijan is the Karabakh horse, a mountain-steppe racing and riding horse endemic to Azerbaijan. [364] Baku also hosted the fourth Islamic Solidarity Games in 2017,[365] 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival[366] and it is also one of the hosts of UEFA Euro 2020. Azerbaijan hosted several major sport competitions since the late 2000s, including the 2013 F1 Powerboat World Championship, 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, 2011 AIBA World Boxing Championships, 2010 European Wrestling Championships, 2009 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships, 2014 European Taekwondo Championships, 2014 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships, and 2016 World Chess Olympiad. Cependant, peu de temps après, le Premier ministre arménien Nikol Pashinyan a écrit un message d’une ligne sur Facebook disant: « Les batailles pour Shushi continuent. [251] After the first Nagorno-Karabakh war, the population is almost exclusively Armenian at around 95%. De très nombreux exemples de phrases traduites contenant "à l'heure des décisions" – Dictionnaire anglais-français et moteur de recherche de traductions anglaises. [233] There are four GSM providers: Azercell, Bakcell, Azerfon (Nar Mobile), Nakhtel mobile network operators and one CDMA. [213], Some products previously imported from abroad have begun to be produced locally. [327], In 1991, after Azerbaijan gained its independence from the Soviet Union, the first Baku International Film Festival East-West was held in Baku. [261] There is also a small Protestant community. A well-developed network of canals between the Kura and Aras rivers makes it possible to irrigate a major part of the lowland. Magnificent spurs and ridges, cut into by the deep gorges of mountain streams, make this part of Azerbaijan a region of great natural beauty. It was established on 10 April 1997. [335][336], During the last few years,[when?] [346][347] In 2014, Qarabağ became the second Azerbaijani club advancing to the group stage of UEFA Europa League. The most successful Azerbaijani football clubs are Neftchi Baku, Qarabağ, and Gabala. Azerbaijan includes within its borders the predominantly Armenian enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, which from 1988 was the focus of intense conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. [129], Azerbaijan is home to a vast variety of landscapes. Over half of Azerbaijan's landmass consists of mountain ridges, crests, highlands, and plateaus which rise up to hypsometric levels of 400–1000 meters (including the Middle and Lower lowlands), in some places (Talis, Jeyranchol-Ajinohur and Langabiz-Alat foreranges) up to 100–120 meters, and others from 0–50 meters and up (Qobustan, Absheron). The capital of Azerbaijan is the ancient city of Baku (Bakı), whose harbour is the best on the Caspian Sea. Over the span of millennia, the name evolved to Āturpātākān (Middle Persian), then to Ādharbādhagān, Ādharbāyagān, Āzarbāydjān (New Persian) and present-day Azerbaijan. There was no suggestion that all recipients were aware of the source of the money as it arrived via a disguised route. [154][155][156][157] However, on 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a report called "The Armenian Connection", in which it attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan. [11][95][96] Among the important accomplishments of the Parliament was the extension of suffrage to women, making Azerbaijan the first Muslim nation to grant women equal political rights with men. [135], The first reports on the richness and diversity of animal life in Azerbaijan can be found in travel notes of Eastern travelers. [110][111] Furthermore, an estimated 30,000 people have been killed and more than a million people have been displaced, more than 800,000 Azerbaijanis and 300,000 Armenians. Following Timur's death, two independent and rival states emerged: Kara Koyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu. The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline (BTC) became operational in May 2006 and extends more than 1,774 kilometers through the territories of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. [2], In total, Azerbaijan has 78 cities, 63 city districts, and one special legal status city. The country's water systems are continually changing under the influence of natural forces and human introduced industrial activities. Forests are considered one of the most valuable natural resources in Azerbaijan because they fulfill important functions such as: soil protection, water catchment and storage, climate buffering and habitat for biodiversity. Other notable artists who fall within these periods include Sattar Bahlulzade, Togrul Narimanbekov, Tahir Salahov, Alakbar Rezaguliyev, Mirza Gadim Iravani, Mikayil Abdullayev and Boyukagha Mirzazade. The other nominal tier of governance is municipalities (Bələdiyə) and members of municipalities are elected by a general vote in Municipal elections every five years. [142], The executive power is held by the President, who is elected for a seven-year term by direct elections, and the Prime Minister. [188] The banking system of Azerbaijan consists of the Central Bank of Azerbaijan, commercial banks and non-banking credit organizations. De son côté, le Washington Post rapportait, le 13 octobre, le rapatriement en Syrie de 53 corps de combattants. Despite brief intermissions such as these by Safavid Iran's neighboring rivals, the land of what is today Azerbaijan remained under Iranian rule from the earliest advent of the Safavids up to the course of the 19th century. [126] The territory of Azerbaijan extends 400 km (249 mi) from north to south, and 500 km (311 mi) from west to east. National Memory", "Azerbaijan celebrates day of victory over fascism", "Victory over Nazis 'was impossible without Baku oil, "Human Rights Watch. "Racial discrimination contributes to the country’s lack of religious freedom, since many of the Christians are ethnic Armenian or Russian, rather than Azeri Muslim. [272], The culture of Azerbaijan has developed as a result of many influences; that's why Azerbaijanis are, in many ways, bi-cultural. … Novruz is a family holiday. Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway line will connect the Caspian region with Turkey, is expected to be completed in July 2017. [340] Amnesty's 2015/16 annual report[341] on the country stated ' ... persecution of political dissent continued. Arabian historian and traveler Ahmed Al-Belaruri discussed the economy of the Absheron peninsula in antiquity, mentioning its oil in particular. The Parliament of Azerbaijan, called Milli Majlis, consists of 125 deputies elected based on majority vote, with a term of 5 years for each elected member. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia,[10] it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, the Russian republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. [163] Full diplomatic relations, including mutual exchanges of missions, were first established with Turkey, Pakistan, the United States, Iran[162] and Israel. Cette liste regroupe les guerres et conflits ayant vu la participation dIsrael. Other annual sporting events held in the country are the Baku Cup tennis tournament and the Tour d'Azerbaïdjan cycling race.
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